Hauv cov ncauj lus dhau los" Kev faib tawm ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob&";, Kuv tau piav qhia ntau yam sib txawv ntawm Brushed DC motor (BDC) uas zoo li hauv daim duab hauv qab no:
Hnub no, kuv yuav piav qhia txog Brushless DC motor (BLDC) thiab AC induction motors raws li hauv qab no.
Koj tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas cov ncauj lus hauv qab no txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas thiab ua raws qab no.
Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Cov Txheej Txheem
2- Txhuam DC motors
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Brushless DC motors |
Hauv txhuam DC lub cev muaj zog, cov neeg kho tshuab sib dhos thiab txhuam txhuam muaj teeb meem rau ntau qhov laj thawj raws li hauv qab no:
Kev txhuam txhuam tshwm sim, thiab nws nce ntxiv hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig uas tsis muaj qhov siab.
Cov nplaim taws los ntawm txhuam txhuam tuaj yeem ua rau tawg yog tias ib puag ncig muaj cov khoom tawg.
Lub suab nrov RF los ntawm txhuam yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov TV nyob ze, lossis khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.
Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) lub cev muaj zog yog ib hom ntawm lub cev muaj zog kom tau txais koob meej. BLDC lub cev muaj zog tau siv hauv kev lag luam xws li Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, Automotive, Aerospace, Cov Neeg Siv Khoom, Kev Kho Mob, Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, thiab Cov Khoom Siv.
Raws li lub npe cuam tshuam, BLDC lub cav tsis siv txhuam rau kev sib hloov; theej, lawv tau siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv.
BLDC cov motors muaj ntau qhov zoo dua txhuam cov motors DC thiab cov tshuab induction, ob peb ntawm cov no yog:
Zoo dua piv rau cov yam ntxwv lub zog.
Cov lus teb zoo siab
Kev ua haujlwm siab.
Lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
Kev ua haujlwm nrov nrov.
Ntau hom kev nrawm dua.
Ib qho ntxiv, qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog xa mus rau qhov loj ntawm lub cev muaj zog yog siab dua, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev siv qhov chaw thiab qhov hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev tsim kho
BLDC lub cev muaj zog yog ib hom synchronous lub cev muaj zog. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov chaw sib nqus tsim los ntawm tus stator thiab qhov sib nqus tsim los ntawm rotor tig ntawm tib zaus.
BLDC lub cev muaj zog tuaj hauv ib theem, 2-theem, thiab 3-theem teeb tsa. Sib piv rau nws hom, tus stator muaj tib tus lej ntawm cov hlua. Tawm ntawm cov no, 3-theem lub cev muaj zog yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab siv dav.
1- Stator
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Tus stator ntawm BLDC Tsav |
Tus stator ntawm BLDC lub cev muaj cov hlau sib dhos ua ke nrog cov hlua tso rau hauv cov qhov uas tau txiav tawm ib sab nrog sab hauv ib puag ncig.
Feem ntau ntawm BLDC lub cev muaj peb lub stator windings txuas nrog lub hnub qub zam. Txhua qhov ntawm cov cua no tau tsim nrog ntau coils sib txuas ua ke los ua cua. Ib lossis ntau qhov coils tau muab tso rau hauv qhov qhib thiab lawv tau sib txuas ua ke los ua cua. Txhua qhov ntawm cov cua no tau muab faib rau saum tus stator ib puag ncig los tsim tus lej tus ncej.
Nyob ntawm qhov kev tswj hwm lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm, lub cav nrog qhov ntsuas qhov raug ntawm tus stator tuaj yeem xaiv. Plaub-yim volts lossis tsawg dua cov ntsuas hluav taws xob tau siv hauv tsheb, neeg hlau, txav caj npab me me, thiab lwm yam. Cov cav uas muaj 100 volts, lossis ntsuas tau zoo dua, tau siv hauv cov cuab yeej siv, kev siv tshuab, thiab kev lag luam.
2- Rotor
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Lub rotor ntawm BLDC Tsav |
Lub rotor yog ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm ob txog yim tus ncej nrog lwm sab qaum teb (N) thiab Sab Qab Teb (S) tus ncej.
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BLDC Rotor Magnet Positions |
Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntab hauv lub rotor, cov khoom siv sib nqus kom raug yog xaiv los ua lub rotor. Ferrite hlau nplaum yog ib txwm siv los ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.
3- Hall Sensors
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BLDC Hall Sensors |
Tsis zoo li lub tshuab DC txhuam, kev hloov pauv ntawm BLDC lub cev muaj zog yog tswj hluav taws xob. Yuav kom tig lub BLDC lub cev muaj zog, cov stator windings yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib theem zuj zus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txoj haujlwm rotor kom nkag siab qhov cua yuav ua kom muaj zog tom qab kev sib zog ua ntu zus. Rotor txoj haujlwm tau hnov zoo siv Hall Effect sensors kos rau hauv tus stator.
Feem ntau ntawm BLDC lub cev muaj peb lub ntsuas hluav taws xob Hall nkag rau hauv tus stator ntawm qhov tsis tsav tsheb kawg ntawm lub cav.
Thaum twg los xij lub rotor sib nqus ncej hla ze ntawm Hall sensors, lawv muab lub teeb liab siab lossis qis, qhia tias N lossis S ncej tau hla ze ntawm lub ntsuas cua. Raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm peb qhov Hall sensor teeb tsa, qhov tseeb ntawm kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.
Raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm Hall sensors, muaj ob qhov kev tso tawm. Hall sensors yuav nyob ntawm 60 ° lossis 120 ° theem hloov mus rau ib leeg. Raws li qhov no, lub tshuab tsim khoom lag luam piav qhia qhov sib pauv hloov, uas yuav tsum tau ua raws thaum tswj lub cav.
Nco tseg: Hall sensors xav tau lub zog siv. Qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 4 volts txog 24 volts. Qhov xav tau tam sim no tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm 5 txog 15 tus mumps.
Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm
Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tau muaj ib qho ntawm cov cua uas muaj zog rau lub zog zoo (tam sim no nkag mus rau hauv qhov cua), qhov cua thib ob yog qhov tsis zoo (tam sim no tawm ntawm qhov cua) thiab qhov thib peb yog qhov tsis muaj zog.
Torque tau tsim vim yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsim los ntawm cov stator coils thiab cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ntawm lub rotor.
Txhawm rau ua kom lub cav khiav, qhov sib nqus tsim los ntawm cov cua yuav tsum hloov txoj haujlwm, raws li lub rotor txav mus kom tau raws li cov stator teb. Dab tsi yog lub npe hu ua "Six-Step Commutation" txhais cov ntu ntawm kev txhawb lub zog.
Hauv kev hloov pauv mus rau ib kauj ruam, tsuas yog ob ntawm peb ntawm Brushless DC Motor windings tau siv ib zaug. Cov kauj ruam yog sib npaug rau 60 qib hluav taws xob, yog li rau qib ua kom puv, 360-degree kev sib hloov. Ib lub voj voos 360-degree tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov tam sim no vim tias tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev tam sim no. Kev hloov pauv mus rau kauj ruam feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov ntawv thov xav tau kev kub ceev thiab kev hloov pauv ntau zaus. Ib-rau-theem Txhuam Txhuam DC Tsav feem ntau muaj qhov ua haujlwm qis dua li sine-wave commutated motor.
Raug Siv BLDC Lub Cev Muaj Zog
Peb tuaj yeem cais cov hom BLDC tswj lub cav rau hauv peb hom loj:
Ntev tas li.
Txawv txawv.
Kev tso npe thov.
1- Cov ntawv thov nrog qhov thauj khoom tas li:
Cov no yog hom kev thov uas qhov txawv txav nrawm dua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov ua kom nrawm ntawm qhov nrawm. Ib qho ntxiv, kev nrawm thiab qeeb qeeb tsis hloov pauv. Hauv cov hom kev thov no, lub nra yog ncaj ncaj ua ke rau lub cev muaj zog.
Piv txwv li, cov kiv cua, lub twj tso kua mis, thiab lub tshuab cua tuaj rau hauv cov hom kev thov no. Cov ntawv thov no xav tau tus tswj hwm tus nqi qis, feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv qhib-lub voj.
2- Cov ntawv thov nrog Varying Loads:
Cov no yog hom kev thov uas lub load rau ntawm lub cev muaj zog sib txawv ntawm qhov nrawm. Cov ntawv thov no tuaj yeem xav tau kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb kom raug thiab cov lus teb zoo.
Piv txwv li,
Cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev: tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, thiab tshuab ziab khaub ncaws.
Hauv tsheb, tswj lub twj tso kua roj, tswj hluav taws xob, tswj lub cav, thiab tswj lub tsheb hluav taws xob.
Hauv aerospace, muaj ntau daim ntawv thov, xws li centrifuges, twj, tswj lub caj npab neeg hlau, tswj kev ntsuas lub ntsej muag, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntawv thov no tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej tawm tswv yim nrawm thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib nrab-kaw lub voj lossis tag nrho kaw lub voj.
3- Muab Daim Ntawv Thov:
Feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev siv tshuab hom tuaj rau hauv pawg no. Cov ntawv thov hauv pawg no muaj qee yam kev xa hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem yog cov tshuab siv zog lossis lub sijhawm siv, lossis cov kab ke siv yooj yim. Hauv cov ntawv thov no, kev teb nrawm ntawm qhov nrawm thiab lub zog yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li, cov ntawv thov no yuav muaj kev thim rov qab ntau zaus ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Cov kab ke no feem ntau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kaw-lub voj.
Thaum kawg, kev sib piv ntawm Brushed DC motor (BDC) thiab Brushless DC motor (BLDC) yog raws li qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Qhov thib ob: AC Motors
Cov hloov hluav taws xob tam sim no (AC) cov tshuab siv hluav taws xob tam sim no, uas thim rov qab nws cov kev taw qhia ib ntus.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm DC lub cev muaj zog hla AC lub cev muaj zog yog qhov nrawm dua qhov nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm rau AC lub cev muaj zog. Txhawm rau them rau qhov no, AC lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub zog hloov pauv ntau zaus tab sis kev txhim kho kev tswj nrawm tuaj ua ke nrog txo qis zog.
Hom AC Motors:
AC motors hauv kev siv niaj hnub no tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg dav:
Induction (asynchronous) motors.
Synchronous lub cev muaj zog.
Tawm Tsav.
Ob hom motors sib txawv li cas qhov rotor field excitation tau muab raws li hauv qab no:
Rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob induction, tsis muaj kev thov sab nraud sab nraud rotor, thiab tam sim no yog qhov hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub rotor windings vim kev sib hloov stator sib nqus teb.
Rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob synchronous, qhov kev ua kom zoo siab tau thov rau lub rotor windings. Qhov sib txawv hauv qhov kev txaus siab ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev, uas ua rau tig mus rau kev tiv thaiv sib txawv thiab tswj kev xav tau rau txhua lub cav hom.
1- Induction lub cev muaj zog
Induction motors yog cov motors feem ntau siv rau ntau yam khoom siv hauv kev lag luam.
Induction Motor: Yog li ntawd hu ua vim tias qhov hluav taws xob induced hauv lub rotor (yog li tsis xav tau txhuam), tab sis kom qhov no tshwm sim, tig dua li rotor yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov nrawm dua qhov chaw sib nqus kom tso cai rau lub hav zoov ntawm qhov induced voltage.
Yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau siv lub sijhawm tshiab los piav qhia lub cav induction uas yog qhov swb.
Qhov swb:
Kev tsav lub zog tuaj yeem muaj nyob yog tias muaj qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no hauv lub nplhaib ntxoov ntxoo. Nws tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tam sim no hauv lub nplhaib thiab tuaj yeem muaj nyob yog tias muaj qhov hloov pauv hauv lub nplhaib. Yog li, yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nrawm hauv lub nplhaib ntxoov ntxoo thiab qhov chaw sib hloov. Qhov no yog vim li cas lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tau piav saum toj no hu ua "lub cev tsis sib xws".
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke nrawm (Ns) thiab kev sib tsoo lub nplhaib nrawm (N) hu ua "plam" (s) thiab tau hais tawm raws li feem pua ntawm qhov ua tiav nrawm.
S=(Nsyn - Nm)/ Nsyn
Daim ntawv nyob qhov twg? Slip yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib txawv hauv kev tswj hwm thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab induction.
s=0: yog tias lub rotor khiav ntawm qhov nrawm.
s=1: yog tias lub rotor nyob ruaj khov.
s yog :ve: yog tias lub rotor khiav ntawm qhov nrawm dua li qhov sib xyaw ua ke.
s yog + ve: yog hais tias lub rotor khiav ntawm qhov nrawm hauv qab qhov sib xyaw ua ke.
Qhov Zoo:
Tsim yooj yim, rugged, tus nqi qis, kev saib xyuas yooj yim.
Ntau yam ntawm kev ntsuas lub zog: ib feem ntawm lub zog rau 10 MW.
Khiav qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm los ntawm tsis thauj khoom mus rau lub nra hnyav.
Nws qhov nrawm nyob ntawm qhov zaus ntawm lub zog siv.
Cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws lub cev muaj zog niaj hnub no hauv qhov qis thiab nruab nrab horsepower ntau.
Muaj zog heev hauv kev tsim kho.
Tau hloov DC Motors hauv thaj chaw uas ib txwm siv DC Motors tsis tuaj yeem siv xws li kev siv pob zeb tawg lossis tawg ib puag ncig Ntawm ob hom nyob ntawm kev tsim kho lub cev muaj zog; Squirrel Tawb lossis Ntiv Nplhaib.
Tsis zoo:
Tsis yooj yim kom muaj kev tswj ceev sib txawv.
Yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj zog-siv hluav taws xob tsav kom pom kev tswj nrawm.
Feem ntau ntawm lawv khiav nrog lub zog poob qis.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm:
Tus stator feem ntau txuas nrog kab sib chaws thiab, yog li, tus stator tau sib nqus.
Stator sib nqus teb txiav cov rotor windings thiab tsim cov hluav taws xob induced rotor windings.
Vim hais tias cov rotor windings tau luv-ncig, rau ob lub tawb tawb thiab lub qhov txhab-rotor, thiab ua kom muaj kev ntws tam sim no hauv cov rotor windings.
Lub rotor tam sim no tsim lwm qhov chaw sib nqus.
Torque tau tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob qhov chaw sib nqus.
Kev tsim kho:
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj ob ntu tseem ceeb
1- Stator
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Induction Tsav Stator |
Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog. Lub cev hauv cov hlau cam khwb cia lossis lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev muaj lub nplhaib ntawm cov hlau uas muaj hlau zoo nkauj (ib puag ncig 0.5 hli tuab). Cov phaj yog insulated los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm oxidation lossis cov kua roj vanish insulating. "Lamination" ntawm kev sib nqus sib nqus txo qhov poob los ntawm hysteresis thiab dej ntws ntws.
Cov phiajcim muaj cov thav duab rau cov stator windings uas yuav tsim cov khoom sib hloov kom haum rau (peb txoj hlua rau 3-theem lub cev muaj zog). Txhua qhov winding yog ua los ntawm ob peb coils. Txoj kev coils tau koom ua ke txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub tshuab thiab yog li qhov nrawm ntawm kev sib hloov.
2- Rotor
Qhov no yog ntu mobile ntawm lub cav. Zoo li qhov sib nqus sib nqus ntawm tus stator, nws suav nrog cov phaj sib tshooj sib cais los ntawm ib leeg thiab tsim ib lub tog raj kheej txuas rau lub cev muaj zog.
Hom Induction Motors
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Hom Induction Motors |
Induction motors tau cais raws li Rotor Hom raws li hauv qab no:
A- Squirrel-Tawb Rotor:
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Squirrel-Tawb Rotor |
Nws suav nrog cov tuab ua cov kab tuav hauv cov kab sib dhos. Cov kab no tau luv-ncig ntawm ob qho kawg uas siv cov hluav taws xob luv luv.
B- Mob Rotor:
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Mob Rotor |
Nws muaj peb-theem, ob txheej, faib cov cua. Nws raug mob rau ntau tus ncej zoo li tus stator. Peb theem yog wired sab hauv thiab lwm qhov xaus tau txuas nrog cov nplhaib sib dhos uas tau teeb tsa ntawm tus ncej nrog txhuam txhuam ntawm lawv.
Txhua ntawm ob hom Induction motors saum toj no tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg loj raws li hauv qab no:
I- Ib-theem induction motors:
Cov no tsuas muaj ib tus stator winding, ua haujlwm nrog ib theem-theem fais fab mov, muaj lub tawb tawb rotor, thiab xav tau lub cuab yeej kom pib lub cav. Qhov no yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev muaj zog siv hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, xws li kiv cua, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab khaub ncaws kom qhuav, thiab rau daim ntawv thov txog li 3 txog 4 lub zog.
Ib leeg-theem cov tshuab hluav taws xob tseem tuaj nrog lub rotor qhov txhab uas muaj qhov pib zoo thiab ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab lawv yog qhov zoo rau Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Tus Nqi, Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb Tsav Tsheb, Hoists, Cov Tshuab Tu Hauv Pem Hauv Ntej, Cua Compressors, Khoom Siv Khaub Ncaws, thiab Cov Khoom Siv Mining.
II- Peb-theem induction motors:
Cov teb sib nqus sib hloov yog tsim los ntawm qhov sib npaug peb theem khoom. Cov cav no muaj lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm siab, tuaj yeem muaj lub tawb me me los yog lub qhov txhab (txawm hais tias 90% muaj tus tawb tawb rotor), thiab yog tus kheej pib. Nws kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm 70% ntawm cov cav hauv kev lag luam yog hom no, tau siv hauv, piv txwv li, twj, compressors, txoj siv thauj khoom, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnyav, thiab tshuab zom. Lawv muaj nyob hauv 1/3 txog rau pua pua lub zog ntsuas.
Tam sim no, cia peb pom thawj qhov kev faib tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob induction raws li hom saum toj no:
1- Ib Theem Ib Leeg, Tawb Kab Tsiaj, Induction Tsav:
Pawg no muaj ntau hom raws li qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
A- Shaded-Ncej Induction Motors
Txoj hauv kev tsim thiab ua haujlwm:
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Shaded-Ncej Induction Motors |
Cov cav ntoo uas muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo tsuas muaj ib lub hauv paus loj thiab tsis pib cua. Pib yog siv cov qauv tsim uas ua lub voj tooj liab txuas mus ib puag ncig ib feem me me ntawm txhua tus ncej ncej. Qhov "ntxoov" qhov feem ntawm tus ncej, ua rau thaj chaw sib nqus hauv thaj chaw ntxoov ntxoo kom poob qab ntawm thaj chaw hauv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ob daim teb tau txais cov ncej tig.
Qhov Zoo:
Vim hais tias lub cav ncej tsis muaj qhov pib winding, pib hloov pauv, lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws yog hluav taws xob yooj yim thiab pheej yig.
Kev nrawm tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, lossis dhau los ntawm ntau lub kais winding.
Kev siv tshuab, kev siv lub tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj tso cai rau ntim khoom ntau.
Cov no feem ntau suav tias yog "cov khoom siv pov tseg", txhais tau tias lawv pheej yig dua los hloov dua li kho dua.
Tsis zoo:
Nws qhov pib qis qis feem ntau yog 25% txog 75% ntawm qhov ntsuas lub zog.
Nws yog lub cav ua haujlwm siab nrog lub nrawm khiav ntawm 7% txog 10% qis dua qhov sib xyaw ua ke.
Feem ntau, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm hom lub cev muaj zog no tsawg heev (qis dua 20%).
Cov ntawv thov:
Tus nqi pib qis haum rau lub cav ncej uas tsis muaj zog los yog lub zog ua haujlwm thov. Tej zaum lawv qhov kev siv loj tshaj plaws yog cov kiv cua nrawm rau siv hauv tsev. Tab sis lub zog qis, kev ua haujlwm qis, thiab cov yam ntxwv tsis muaj zog ua rau lub cav-ncej tsis ua haujlwm rau feem ntau kev lag luam lossis kev lag luam siv, qhov twg ntau dua cov voj voog lossis kev ua haujlwm tas mus li yog cov qauv.
Hauv Cov Ntsiab Lus tom ntej no, kuv yuav piav qhia lwm hom Hom Ib Leeg, Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Yog li, thov ua raws li hauv qab no.
